Children and adults Essay Example for Free

Children and adults Essay The Effective Early Learning Project based at Worcester University highlights two ways in which adults can help children progress; The first is the way the adult encourages the child to be autonomous, to get on and try new things; The second, is the way the adult offers experiences which are stimulating, challenging and interesting. Adults need to be a supporting factor when the child is in a risky environment. Children and adults alike enjoy climbing trees; adults know when they are too high as do children. This is a whole other debate in terms of nature or nurture debate. This is where we could explore the idea of children learning to be safe when risk taking or is it already there. Stephenson (2003) wrote about a child on a swing, Swinging was very popular with these younger children, but more often than the older children their reactions indicated that they felt unsafe and wanted the swing slowed down. Therefore the child has taken the risk, has agreed a boundary, enjoyed the activity and acknowledged the safety aspect. The adult was there to ensure the safety and also make the activity a positive one by being readily available. Children must face all different kinds of risks in order to support their development and learning. Stine (1997) wrote that to support their learning and development is a complex issue. There always has to be provision for a physical challenge. More and more educational settings are using outdoor play/activity to challenge the children. Although, what is an acceptable risk to one person, may be completely the opposite of another. Bruce and Meggitt (2002) write that outdoor space needs to be available most of the time; They continue that, safety is the only consideration for keeping children in doors. Children can feel safe in risk taking environments and activities in many ways. Initially the adult to child ratio, with a high number of adults children can be supported and helped to achieve. Secondly by minimising, if possible, the risk aspect. This could be ensuring the activity is a positive and acceptable environment. Thirdly by giving the children all the opportunities available for physical risk taking, children need a stimulating and challenging environment. And finally, a well maintained balance between the childs safety and the challenge of the activity. In an educational setting, an adult carer will go to the risk area and carry out an assessment. They will check the route to be taken, dangers in the area and also any area that poses extreme concern. An adult carer should also think about the child to adult ratio. A local nursery allows children to climb trees. Due to the child to adult ratio, the nursery feels that the level of risk posed can be curtailed by having by having the children supervised and supported through the activity by adults. The children are therefore enjoying the activity of risk taking, as well as feeling safe in knowing an adult is available to help at any time. Another factor that the adult carer should be aware of is the idea of making a childs environment completely hazard free. Therefore taking away any risk or danger. Walsh (1993) thought that children in an environment that is completely safe could become bored and this could lead to self initiated risk taking that could be dangerous. Durberry (2001) felt that children who grow up in an ultra safe environment would lack confidence in their own physical ability. This would be due to the poor opportunities for the children to build and extend upon their exiting knowledge. He continued that children had to be both confident and competent physically in order to feel competent emotionally. The ideals on risk taking vary from culture to culture. Although the main aim remains the same. The child needs to remain safe, but feel they are being challenged and stimulated. To minimise hazards there needs to be a high adult to child ratio. Children need opportunities to explore and do so independently. Over the last decade, the childs freedom of choice has been limited. Adult carers are sometimes over anxious about letting the child experiment with risk taking. The procedures and guidelines that are in place give the adult carer a frame work on which to base their activities upon. The adult carer should exploit and become fluent in the procedures and guidelines in place. This in turn will provide groundwork for safe risk taking. Bibliography Smith, P., Cowie, H. Blades, M. (2003) Understanding Childrens Development, London: Blackwell Publishing.  Bruce, T. Meggitt, C. (2002) Childcare Education, London: Hodder Stoughton.  DfEE (2003) Early Years (Volume 23, Number 1), London: Taylor Francis

Foucaults Discipline and Punish: The birth of the prison Essay

Foucault is best remembered for his historical inquiries into the origins of â€Å"disciplinary† society in a period extending from the 16th to the 19th centuries. Today, however, under the conditions of global modernity, the relevance of his contribution is often called into question. With the increasing ubiquity of markets, the break up of centralized states and the dissolution of national boundaries, the world today seems far removed from the bounded, disciplinary societies Foucault described in his most famous books. Far from disciplinary, society today is â€Å"post panoptic,† as Nancy Fraser has argued — in a move which seems to confirm Jean Baudrillard’s demand that we â€Å"forget Foucault.† In order to answer the question, how Foucault’s theory of the disciplinary society can be used to understand the body in the society, I would like to begin this essay by returning to Foucault’s book – Discipline and Punish: The birth of the prison. This book deals with the disciplinary institutions and practices that emerged in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. While discipline and punish is concerned with the birth of the prison in modern Europe, it has far wider implications for the everyday lives of ordinary citizens. Notions such as micro-power, disciplinary institutions, panopticism and normative judgements. Foucault developed this material through the research methods he called archaeology and genealogy. Both methods work to uncover the discursive formations and practices of different historical periods, but genealogy has a greater focus on questions of power, and the ways in which discursive power works on bodies. Power shows itself on a subject’s body because various events or happenings are written on the human body- they shape th... ...n prison model disposed people to monitor themselves and others regarding the appropriateness or otherwise types of behaviour and body shape. Bibliography:- Chancer and Watkins. Gender, Race and Class. An Overview. (Blackwell Publishing) Toni Lester. Gender Nonconformity, Race and Sexuality. Charting the Connections. (The University of Wisconsin Press) Teresa de Lauretis. Technologies of Gender Essays on Theory, Film and Fiction (Palgrave Publication) Kennan Malik. The Meaning of race. (Palgrave Publication) Anne Cranny-Francis, Wendy Waring, Pam Stavropoulos, Joan Kirkby. Gender Studies. Terms and Debates. (Palgrave Publication) Penelope Ingram. The Signifying Body. (State University of New York Press) Mark Gibson. Culture and Power. (Berg Publication,New York) Colin Burnham. Race. B.T.Batsford LTD. London.

Joining Charles

How Is Charles? Thesis on â€Å"Joining Charles† â€Å"Joining Charles† written by Elizabeth Bowen tells the story of the young woman Louise who is going to shift to France as it is the place where her husband Charles works and lives. The story takes place on the morning of her depature in the White House which is the home of Charles’ family and Louise isn’t happy about herself joining Charles in France. Even though Charles isn’t the protagonist of the story and doesn’t interact at all, he is present throughout the whole story. Louise constantly thinks about him and how it is going to be for her in France and in the future with Charles together. She doesn’t seem to like him at all. This emotion becomes obvious in many parts of the story when she thinks about him. Louise doesn’t want to get a baby of Charles, she turns her head away from his picture in the morning and in the end she doesn’t know what to tell to the mother of charles most probably because her whole attitude towards Charles is so repellent and it would be very unlikely something positive. Yet the reader can only guess how Charles actually is as there is no clear description of him, nor does he interact at all. The only hints to his character gives the oneeyed cat Polyphemus which can talk according to Louise, some phrases of charles’ sisters and mother and the thoughts of Louise. The cat doesn’t have any good experiences with Charles and asks Louise to ask Charles what had happend to his other eye. Louise is the only one who can understand Polyphemus and the sisters interprete the cat’s behaviour different. For them Polyphemus loves Charles and thats why he spends so much time with Louise. The sisters see Charles as a brother who takes care of them. They look up to him and make him in their thoughts to a perfect lover, brother and son. Even if his arrangements gives them disadvantage they remain nice as they are ‘good souls’ how Louise calls them. For the mother Charles is a kind of hero, someone who is ‘sensitive, gallant, generous, a knightly person and who is transcending modern conventions’. But still she realizes that Louise isn’t really happy. Perhaps she somehow knows how Charles really is and that is why she tells Louise in the end that ‘marriage isn’t easy and that many things might be difficult’. From other parts of Louises thoughts the reader comes to know how he takes part in the family life. He isn’t really interested in how the family goes, asks only very unintimate things and makes kind of fun of his sister’s feelings. All in all Charles doesn’t seem to be a very nice person more likely an egostic and perhaps evem evil character. All those who have been really close to him don’t want to interact with him. Louise aswell as the cat don’t seem to have good experiences with him. The sisters mostly don’t see him the way he really is because he seemed to be always nice. He perhaps kind of bedazzeld them, them and his mother but as for the mother it is not clear how she actually thinks of him. The perfect son image which is created doesn’t stand with her last action. That gives another hint that he is a rather bad, egostic and ‘difficult’ person.

What Do You Think Steinbeck Says About the Theme of...

What do you think Steinbeck says about the theme of friendship in Of Mice and Men? Of Mice and Men describes the life of a man and his best friend who has the mentality of a child. Their friendship is very strong and this is surprising, â€Å"it jus’ seems kinda funny a cuckoo like him and a smart little guy like you travelin’ together†, and this is due to the other characters in the book being implied as very lonely. Every time George and Lennie obtain a job, Lennie gets in trouble and they are forced to leave. But they hope after all of their intense work that they can finally have their dream and get a place that they can call their own, â€Å"we’re gonna have a little house and a couple acres†. George Milton and Lennie Small are the†¦show more content†¦George steals Carlson’s gun – a ranch worker and blames it on Lennie. George thinks that if anyone is to kill Lennie it should be him. George sets out and goes to the river that was the setting at the start of the book. He finds Lennie and reassuringly talks to him about the place they are going to get to their selves when they have enough money. George tells Lennie about the rabbits he is going to be able to have and their couple of acres of ground. Lennie as usual gets excited about this and cannot tell that anything is different. At this point in time George is still acting as if everything is fine and that their friendship is as strong as ever. George having the gun tries to shoot Lennie many times before he actually does so, â€Å"George raised the gun and his hand shook, and he dropped his hand to the round again.† He cannot bring himself to do it as they’ve been friends for so long. Loneliness rules the end of the novel as George had been a character with support throughout the novel but now he has murdered Lennie and therefore he doesn’t have someone he can properly trust. When the workers find George they assume that he got the gun off Lennie and shot him in self-defense so only Slim really knows what has happened. Slim is the only one that really understands the friendship between George and Lennie and this is significant at the novels ending, â€Å"Never you mind. A guy got to sometimes.† George lets Lennie die believingShow MoreRelatedEssay about John Steinbeck: Interview Transcript703 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Steinbeck: Interview Transcript 1. Denton: National Scot poet: Robert Burns had a poem which had similar ideas to your Of Mice and Men noel, what were they? Steinbeck: Yes I had read that poem, in the story the mouse is can be okay or a pest. This would be just like the character since they can be very moody; Lennie is kind to George but is a pest because he does bad things. That mouses home is destroyed as an accidental consequence, this has similarities to events that occur in OfRead MoreOf Mice And Men : Friendship And Loneliness1274 Words   |  6 Pages Of Mice and Men: Friendship and Loneliness Peyton Willett Period 1 In John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men a man and his mentally slow best friend embark on the journey of life together. Their friendship is very strong and this is unusual due to the other characters in the book being very lonely. Every time the two men get a job Lennie makes a mistake and they are forced to leave. After all of their intense work they hope they can finally have their dream and get a place theyRead MoreOf Mice And Men By John Steinbeck Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesIn the story Of Mice and Men written by John Steinbeck, the two main characters of the story are George and Lennie. The central point of the book is their unusual relationship. 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The story Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, is a realistic fiction about two traveling friends named Lennie and George. George promises Aunt Clara that he will watch over Lennie because of his mental disability. Their friendship is tested many times as Lennie is constantly finding himself in trouble. John Steinbeck uses feelings of happiness, obligation, and love to establish the theme of friendship is the most important thing in life. First, Steinbeck uses the feeling of happinessRead MoreThemes in of Mice and Men1614 Words   |  7 PagesThemes, Motifs Symbols Themes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. The Predatory Nature of Human Existence Of Mice and Men teaches a grim lesson about the nature of human existence. Nearly all of the characters, including George, Lennie, Candy, Crooks, and Curley’s wife, admit, at one time or another, to having a profound sense of loneliness and isolation. Each desires the comfort of a friend, but will settle for the attentive ear of a stranger.Read MoreOf Mice And Men And The Five People You Meet1083 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Of Mice and Men† and â€Å"The Five People you Meet in Heaven† literary analysis Characterization and symbolism throughout the two books Of Mice and Men and The Five People you Meet in Heaven incorporate the theme brothers keeper. A brothers keeper is someone who looks over and protects one and other, in other words a guardian angel. The main character in The Five People you Meet in Heaven Eddie s life is turned around on his birthday when he is killed and put into heaven where he meets five peopleRead MoreLiterary Analysis : Of Mice And Men1009 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis Rough Draft Friendship and companionship play a big role in people s life and how they interact with others, and the world in general. How people build relationships is something that will stick with them for the rest of their lives. The less relationships that people build, the more lonely, and self-kept they become. Throughout the book Of Mice and Men, George, and Lennie are examples of the positive effects on building relationships, and Crooks is an example of the negativeRead MoreOf Mice And Men Book Vs Movie Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesChris Pine, a famous American actor, once said, â€Å"The only thing you sometimes have control over is perspective. You don’t have control over your situation, but you have a choice about how you view it.† John Steinbeck’s 1937 novel and Gary Sinise’s 1992 MGM film adaptation, Of Mice and Men, both illustrate a story about two companions in the Great Depression named George Milton and Lennie Small. They travel together to Sol edad, looking for jobs to make money and achieve their dream of owning theirRead MoreOf Mice and Men2267 Words   |  10 PagesOf Mice and Men Essay Compare the episodes in which Candy’s dog and Lennie die. How has Steinbeck made these events effective for the reader? John Ernst Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California on February 27, 1902. He worked as a farm labourer on ranches from 1919 to 1926. This experience has influenced the setting of the novella Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck met someone like Lennie Small which obviously provided Lennie’s character. I am going to compare the events in which Candy’s dog and